HORMONES

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Hormones are substances secreted by highly specialised cells (glands) and carried by extracellular fluid (mainly blood) and acts on the target organ where they alter activities of cells. hormones influences mainly metabolism, growth, reproduction, adaptation to the environment. Hormones are secreted by ductless glands.

Secretion of Hormones

Hormones are secreted from the endocrine glands in the body. The glands are ductless, so hormones are secreted directly into the blood stream rather than by way of ducts. Some of the major endocrine glands in the body include:

  • Pituitary gland
  • Pineal gland
  • Thymus
  • Thyroid
  • Adrenal glands
  • Pancreas
  • Testes
  • Ovaries
These organs secrete hormone in microscopic amounts and it takes only very small amounts to bring about major changes in the body. Excess of hormones in body and any type of deficiency of hormones can cause abnormality or diseases.
 
Functions of Hormones

1. They carry massages from gland to cells to maintain chemical levels in blood stream that achieve homeostasis.
2. They circulate freely to waiting to recognised by target cell.
3. The target cell has a receptor that can only be activated by a specific type of hormones. Once activated, the cells know to start a certain fuction within its wall.

Chemical Nature of Hormones

Chemically, hormones may be classified as either proteins or steroids. All of the hormones in the human body, except the sex hormones and those from the adrenal cortex, are proteins or protein derivatives.

Classification of Hormones

There are 2 types of hormones in chemical nature.

1. Cholestrol nature (steroid hormones)

2. Protein nature (peptide hormones)

In general, steroids are sex hormones related to sexual maturation and fertility. Steroids are made from cholestrol. Peptide hormones regulates other function such as sleep and sugar level. They are made from proteins.Growth hormones help us to burn fat and built up muscles. Insulin starts the processing of converting sugar into cellular energy.

In next topic I'm going to discuss ENZYMES. For any correction and suggestion please comment. I will try to perform better.

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