Enzymes

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Enzymes are colloidal and thermolabile and biological catalyst which are protein in nature. Enzymes are biological catalyst produced by the living cells and they catalysed many reaction in the body. They are specific in action, that is, enzyme can catalyse only one type of reaction.

They are required in very small quantities. The loss of catalytic activity is observed, when they are subjected to heat and strong acid or base, and organic solvents.

Most of the enzymes are produced by the cells of the particular tissue and function within that cell, such enzymes are called Intracellular enzyme.

On the other hand, there are certain enzymes which are produced by the cells of a particular tissue from where these are liberated for use in other tissue, such enzymes are called Extracellular enzyme.

The enzyme binds with its specific substrate and forms an enzyme substrate complex. At the end of the reaction, substrate converted into product and the enzyme remains unchanged.

CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYME

They are classify into 6 groups.

1. Oxidoreductase

2. Transferases

3. Hydrolases

4. Lyases

5. Isomerases

6. Ligases

OXIDORECUTASE

They catalyse the oxidation and reduction reaction. e.g., LDH - Lactate dehydrogenase.

Transferases

They catalyse the transfer of groups from one substrate to another. e.g., Aspartate aminotransferase.

Hydrolases

They catalyse the breakdown of compounds by utilizing a molecule of water. e.g., Glucose 6-phosphatase.

Lyases

They catalyse removal of a group from a substrate without a molecule of water. e.g., Fumarase.

Isomerases

They catalyse the isomerisation of substrate. e.g., Epimerase.

Ligases

They catalyse the reaction which involve joinin together of two substrate. e.g., DNA ligases.

Co-Enzymes

Non-protein, organic, low molecular weight substances associated with enzymes and required for biological activity are called co-enzymes.

Iso-enzymes

Different forms of the same enzyme catalysing the same reaction are called iso-enzymes. They are differ in their physical and chemical properties, which include structure and electrophoretic. e.g., Lactate dehydrogenase has 5 iso-enzymes.


CPK exists in 3 isoenzymes. Each isoenzymes is a dimer of 2 subunits M (muscle), B (brain) or both. Creatine kinase (CK) or creatine phosphokinase (CPK) catalyses the interconversion of phospho creatine to creatine.



 In next topic I'm going to discuss pH and Buffers. For any correction and suggestion please comment. I will try to perform better.

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